＞「国旗損壊罪」法案 衆議院内閣委で参考人質疑
2026年6月25日(木)15:12　NHK
https://news.web.nhk/newsweb/na/na-k10015159591000
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『国際人権B規約を無視する､石を投げれば当たる大バカ日大教授が､日本政府も即時実施を義務付けられている国際人権B規約の解釈を担う **国連自由権規約委員会「一般的意見第34号」（ICCPR第19条·表現の自由）に公然と反抗』



＞石を投げれば当たる大バカ日本大学名誉教授の百地章は「法案に賛成だ。『国旗を大切に思う国民感情の保護』だけでなく『国旗に象徴される国の威信と名誉』こそ本当の保護法益だ。行為だけでなく意図や目的も問題とするのが自然だ」と述べました。



＞【Microsoft Copilot】
＞結論から言うと、 **国連自由権規約委員会「一般的意見第34号」（ICCPR第19条·表現の自由）における、国旗·シンボルへの不敬処罰に関する該当パラグラフ**であり、
**パラグラフ 38** が該当します。

＞---

＞## 📌 **一般的意見第34号（2011年）パラグラフ38（原文）**
以下は、国連人権委員会が公式に公開している英語版からの引用です：

>>> **“Laws that penalize the expression of opinions about historical facts are incompatible with the obligations that the Covenant imposes on States parties…
>>> …Nor is it compatible with the Covenant for a State party to criminalize the holding of an opinion.
>>> **Laws should not provide for penalties for disrespect for a flag, or a symbol, or for the State, or its institutions, or for a public official.**”
>>> — *General Comment No.34, para. 38* [United Nations Digital Library System](https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/715606?v=%5B%27pdf%27%5D)

＞---

＞## 📝 **要点（日本語）**

＞- 歴史的事実に関する意見表明を処罰する法律は、規約に反する。
＞- 意見そのものを犯罪化することも規約に反する。
＞- **国旗·シンボル·国家·公的機関·公務員への「不敬」を処罰する法律は、規約19条の義務と両立しない。**

＞つまり、国連自由権規約委員会は **政治的言論の自由を特に重視する立場から、国旗や国家シンボルへの不敬罪を明確に否定**しています。

https://gyazo.com/a2c670e7cebd109881cdd13690755a9a

＞---

＞## 🔍 関連して確認したい場合
＞- 一般的意見第34号の全体を読む
＞- ICCPR第19条の内容を知りたい
＞- 国旗侮辱罪と国際人権法の関係を詳しく知りたい

＞必要であれば、日本語での全文訳や、関連する国内議論との関係も解説できます。



〓石を投げれば当たる大バカ日本大学名誉教授の百地章は､未だに国際人権B規約を批准しない非文明国の支那人と同レベルなんだな｡

〓近代市民国家の拠って立つ法の支配と自由主義ブルジョア憲法によって保障される罪刑法定主義を規定した世界人権宣言や国際人権B規約を無視して､マナー違反(=ハラスメント)やポリ·コレ違反(=政治犯)について､法律の専門家でもない事業主などが恣意的な取り締まりや処罰を行うことを容認する反米·極左による人民裁判(Kangaroo court)が横行している｡

〓特に政令指定都市などでは罪刑法定主義を無視して構成要件が曖昧で量刑も自治体毎にバラバラな迷惑防止条例が独り歩きして､国際人権B規約の保障する罪刑法定主義を空洞化させている｡

〓近代市民国家の拠って立つ法の支配と自由主義ブルジョア憲法､国際人権B規約によって保障される罪刑法定主義を空洞化させる反米·極左､すなわち社会党､民主党､共産党､労働党などリベラル派の偽善者の暴走は目に余る状況である｡

〓その上､国際人権B規約の解釈を担当する国際人権規約委員会の一般的意見に向かって石を投げれば当たる大バカ日大名誉教授の百地章みたいに公然と盾突くとは､未だに同規約を批准しない支那人に劣らぬ一部の日本人の反米·極左ぶり､或いは一部の日本人の後進性に唖然とするばかりだ｡

〓天武·持統天皇によって7世紀に五性各別を根本教義とする法相宗の薬師寺が建立され､『(天照皇大神を皇祖神·至高神と位置づける)大和神道と(五性各別を根本教義とする)法相宗の神仏習合』が確立。

〓五性各別を根本教義とする法相宗の清水寺を建立し蝦夷(えみし)討伐に出陣した征夷大将軍·坂上田村麻呂が西暦802年､東北の蝦夷(えみし)の酋長である阿弖利爲(アテルイ)を降伏させた｡

〓五性各別を根本教義とする『法相宗』と法華一乗(=涅槃経<大般涅槃経だいはつねはんぎょう>の『一切衆生悉有仏性』)の『天台宗』が鋭く対立した三一権実諍論(西暦817年〜西暦821年)｡

〓その後 天台宗は東北各地に寺院を建立して布教活動を行ったが､数百年が経過しても依然として説法により蝦夷(えみし)を善導するミッションをクリアできず､前九年の役(西暦1050年〜1062年)や後三年の役(西暦1083年〜西暦1087年)など大和朝廷に対する東北の蝦夷(えみし)の反乱が繰り返された｡

〓そこで五性各別の法相宗に帰依し大和朝廷を統率する藤原摂関家が指名した河内源氏の征夷大将軍によって､蝦夷(えみし)討伐が行われたのである｡

〓14世紀には､いつ暴発するか分からない根っからの無法者である東北の蝦夷(えみし)が､有ろうことか､鎮守府将軍·北畠顕家を担いで繰り返し畿内に雪崩れ込み､道中､大和民族に対する凄まじい略奪を行った｡

〓16世紀末までに会津出身の蝦夷(えみし)である南光坊天海が既に天台宗を乗っ取ってしまった｡

〓朝廷から全権を委任されて蝦夷(えみし)を討伐する戦時の総司令官である征夷大将軍となった徳川は､戦国乱世の成り上がり者であった｡

〓古代より繰り返される東北の蝦夷(えみし)による反乱の深刻さを理解できない成り上がり者の徳川は代々､蝦夷(えみし)を討伐する戦時の総司令官に任命されながら､初代の家康以降､会津出身の蝦夷(えみし)である天台宗の南光坊天海 等に完全に丸め込まれ､幕末まで遂に一度も蝦夷(えみし)討伐を実行しなかった｡

〓あまつさえ水戸の徳川光圀が編纂を強行した『大日本史』は､根っからの無法者である東北の蝦夷(えみし)が､有ろうことか､鎮守府将軍·北畠顕家を担いで繰り返し畿内に雪崩れ込み､五性各別の法相宗に帰依して河内源氏を歴代征夷大将軍に任命､蝦夷(えみし)討伐に当たらせた藤原摂関家を排除して天皇親政を実現しようという大逸れた暴挙に出た大覚寺統を正統と決めつけた｡

〓すなわち､『(天照皇大神を皇祖神·至高神と位置づける)大和神道と(五性各別を根本教義とする)法相宗の習合』を確立した7世紀の天武·持統天皇に反抗して､『豊受大神を天御中主神·国常立神と同一視し､至高神として天照皇大神と同等以上に位置づける伊勢神道(度会神道)と法華一乗(=涅槃経<大般涅槃経だいはつねはんぎょう>の『一切衆生悉有仏性』)の天台宗の習合』に傾倒した挙げ句､自然消滅への坂道を転げ落ちた大覚寺統を無理矢理 正統と位置づけたのが水戸光圀の『大日本史』である｡

〓いつ暴発するか分からない根っからの無法者である東北の蝦夷(えみし)の軍事力を当てにした大覚寺統は､大和民族の軍事力に支えられた持明院統に圧倒され､明徳の和約(西暦1392年)によって遂に吸収合併されることになり､その後､大覚寺統の血脈(後南朝)は自然消滅した｡

〓戦後､熊沢寛道さん等が後南朝の末裔を称して“正統なる大覚寺統の皇位継承権”を主張｡

〓歴史を紐解けば､蘇我馬子が物部守屋を討ち､物部氏を滅ぼした用明天皇2年(西暦587年)7月の『丁未(ていび)の乱』が古代日本における神道·仏教間宗教戦争の走りであった｡

〓この戦いで仏教原理主義の蘇我氏が神道原理主義の物部氏を倒し政権内での優位を確立｡

〓丁未(ていび)の乱(西暦587年)から乙巳の変(西暦645年)を経て壬申の乱(西暦672年)に至る古代日本の神道·仏教間宗教戦争という厳しい試練を経て天武·持統天皇が確立した世界に誇るべき大和民族の確固たる神仏習合(シンクレティズム)｡

〓天照皇大神を皇祖神·至高神と仰ぐ大和神道と法相宗の世界に誇るべき確固たる大和民族の神仏習合を確立した天武·持統天皇に反抗し､いつ暴発するか分からない根っからの無法者である東北の蝦夷(えみし)に担がれた北畠親子が前面に押し出した伊勢神道(度会神道)と天台宗(法華一乗)の安易な神仏習合に分など無かった｡

〓東北の蝦夷(えみし)に乗っ取られた江戸時代の天台宗有力寺院である東叡山寛永寺や日光山輪王寺などに感化された水戸の徳川斉昭や藤田東湖は､“徳川将軍が討伐すべき真の蝦夷(えみし)は東北の蝦夷(えみし)でなく西洋列強なり”と言わんばかりに『尊皇攘夷』を唱え､日本に開国を迫ったアメリカを敵視する現在まで続く反米·極右の魁となった｡

〓また東北の蝦夷(えみし)に乗っ取られた天台宗の東叡山寛永寺や日光山輪王寺の門主となった浅墓な伏見宮家の北白川宮能久親王は､自ら率先して東北の蝦夷(えみし)から成る奥羽越列藩同盟の盟主となり､壬申の乱に勝利した天武天皇に肖って“東北の天武天皇”､すなわち『東武天皇』を僭称し､松平容保や酒井玄蕃など徳川の残党を率いて錦の御旗を掲げる明治天皇の官軍に反抗､『戊辰戦争(1868年〜1869年)』という名の大和民族に対する蝦夷(えみし)の反乱の先頭に立った｡

〓20世紀には､“マイノリティーを差別してはいけない”などと天台宗と同じような絵空事を垂れ流す反米·極左の社会党､民主党､共産党､労働党などに背中を押された東北の蝦夷(えみし)が有史以来､初めて大和民族の権力中枢に入り込み､案の定､大和民族の一般国民の目を盗んで満洲事変を引き起こしたかと思えば､大和民族の一般国民の目の届かない所で真珠湾奇襲攻撃を強行し､日米両国民に塗炭の苦しみを与えたのだった｡

〓太平洋戦争は､二·二六事件の混乱収拾を口実に憲兵隊を多用して大和民族を尻に敷くことに成功した東北の蝦夷(えみし)·東条英機が､近代市民国家の拠って立つ法の支配と自由主義ブルジョア憲法､後の国際人権B規約を奉じる西側陣営の盟主であるアメリカに対して引き起こした無謀すぎる反乱だった｡

〓そして2026年7月には目下､形振り構わず国旗損壊罪の制定に猪突猛進して､ユダヤ人解放政策を含む法の支配と自由主義ブルジョア憲法､国際人権B規約から成る西側先進国のグローバル·スタンダードに対して､あからさまな反抗的態度を見せているのである｡

〓7世紀に『(天照皇大神を皇祖神·至高神と位置づける)大和神道と(五性各別を根本教義とする)法相宗の習合』を確立した天武·持統天皇に逆らい､戦国乱世の成り上がり者である水戸徳川の『大日本史』に象徴される“悪しき東北史観”を標榜する日本会議のような反米·極右､すなわち東北の蝦夷(えみし)の子分に成り下がった“大和民族の落ちこぼれ”たる松岡洋右や岸信介､麻生太郎 等に連なる､石を投げれば当たる大バカ日大名誉教授·百地章のような“大和民族の落ちこぼれ”が､馬鹿ヅラを晒して21世紀日本を席巻しようとしている｡

>An absolute idiot of a Nihon University professor—the kind you could hit just by throwing a stone—who utterly ignores the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), has openly defied "General Comment No. 34" (Article 19 of the ICCPR on Freedom of Expression) by the UN Human Rights Committee, which is responsible for interpreting the ICCPR—a covenant the Japanese government is also obligated to implement immediately.

> Akira Momochi, an absolute idiot of a Nihon University Professor Emeritus (the kind you could hit just by throwing a stone), stated: "I support the bill. The true legally protected interest is not merely the 'protection of public sentiment that values the national flag,' but rather the 'prestige and honor of the nation as symbolized by the flag.' It is only natural to consider not just the act itself, but also the intent and purpose behind it."
>



> 【Microsoft Copilot】
> To get straight to the point, the relevant paragraph regarding the punishment of disrespect toward national flags and symbols in "General Comment No. 34" (Article 19 of the ICCPR on Freedom of Expression) by the UN Human Rights Committee is Paragraph 38.
>
>

> ## 📌 General Comment No. 34 (2011) Paragraph 38 (Original Text)
> The following is a quote from the official English version published by the UN Human Rights Committee:
>
**“Laws that penalize the expression of opinions about historical facts are incompatible with the obligations that the Covenant imposes on States parties…
…Nor is it compatible with the Covenant for a State party to criminalize the holding of an opinion.
Laws should not provide for penalties for disrespect for a flag, or a symbol, or for the State, or its institutions, or for a public official.”**
— General Comment No.34, para. 38 United Nations Digital Library System
>
> ## 📝 Key Points (Japanese)
>
> * Laws that penalize the expression of opinions about historical facts violate the Covenant.
> * Criminalizing the holding of an opinion itself also violates the Covenant.
> * Laws that penalize "disrespect" toward a national flag, symbol, the State, public institutions, or public officials are incompatible with the obligations under Article 19 of the Covenant.
>
> In other words, from a standpoint that places particular importance on freedom of political speech, the UN Human Rights Committee explicitly rejects criminalizing disrespect toward national flags and state symbols.
>
> ## 🔍 For Further Verification
> * Read the full text of General Comment No. 34
> * Learn about the contents of ICCPR Article 19
> * Examine the detailed relationship between the crime of national flag desecration and international human rights law
>

〓 Akira Momochi, that absolute idiot of a Nihon University Professor Emeritus whom you could hit just by throwing a stone, is on the exact same level as the uncivilized Chinese who have still not ratified the ICCPR.

〓 Completely ignoring the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the ICCPR—which stipulate the rule of law underpinning modern civil states and the principle of legality (*nulla poena sine lege*) guaranteed by liberal bourgeois constitutions—anti-American, ultra-left elements are running rampant with kangaroo courts. They allow business owners and others who are not even legal experts to arbitrarily crack down on and punish breaches of manners (= harassment) or violations of political correctness (= political offenses).

〓 Particularly in government-designated cities, "Ordinances for the Prevention of Public Nuisance" (*Meiwaku Boushi Jourei*), which ignore the principle of legality, possess vague constituent elements, and vary wildly in sentencing from one municipality to another, have taken on a life of their own, effectively hollowing out the principle of legality guaranteed by the ICCPR.

〓 The reckless behavior of hypocritical liberals—namely the Socialist Party, Democratic Party, Communist Party, Labor Party, and their ilk—who comprise the anti-American, ultra-left and are hollowing out the rule of law on which modern civil states stand, liberal bourgeois constitutions, and the principle of legality guaranteed by the ICCPR, has reached an intolerable state.

〓 On top of that, openly defying the General Comment of the Human Rights Committee—which is responsible for interpreting the ICCPR—just like that absolute idiot of a Nihon University Professor Emeritus, Akira Momochi (whom you could hit just by throwing a stone), leaves me utterly dumbfounded by the anti-American ultra-leftism or backwardness of certain Japanese people, who are no better than the Chinese who still refuse to ratify the Covenant.

〓 In the 7th century, Emperors Temmu and Jito established Yakushi-ji Temple of the Hosso school, which holds the doctrine of *Goshou Kakubetsu* (Five Distinct Natures) as its fundamental dogma, thereby cementing the "syncretism of Yamato Shinto and the Hosso school (founded on *Goshou Kakubetsu*)."

〓 In the year 802 AD, Seii Taishogun Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, who had founded Kiyomizu-dera Temple of the Hosso school (which holds *Goshou Kakubetsu* as its core dogma) and set out to subdue the Emishi, successfully forced Aterui, the chieftain of the Emishi in the Tohoku region, to surrender.

〓 The "San'ichi Gonjitsu Soron" (Dispute over the Three Vehicles and One Vehicle, 817–821 AD) was a sharp conflict between the Hosso school, which advocated *Goshou Kakubetsu*, and the Tendai school, which advocated *Hokke Ichijo* (The One Vehicle of the Lotus Sutra, rooted in the *Mahaparinirvana Sutra* doctrine that "all sentient beings possess the Buddha-nature").

〓 Following this, the Tendai school built temples throughout Tohoku to conduct missionary work. However, even after centuries had passed, they failed in their mission to lead the Emishi onto the right path through preaching. As a result, Emishi rebellions against the Yamato Court in the Tohoku region erupted repeatedly, such as the Former Nine Years' War and the Later Three Years' War.

〓 Consequently, the subduing of the Emishi was carried out by the Seii Taishogun of the Kawachi Genji, who were appointed by the Fujiwara Sekkan-ke (Regents and Advisers)—the family that ruled the Yamato Court and was devoted to the Hosso school and its doctrine of *Goshou Kakubetsu*.

〓 In the 14th century, the Emishi of Tohoku—lawless by nature and liable to explode at any moment—rallied around Chinjufu Shogun Kitabatake Akiie and repeatedly flooded into the Kinai region, conducting horrific plundering against the Yamato people along the way.

〓 By the end of the 16th century, Nankobo Tenkai, an Emishi hailing from Aizu, had completely hijacked the Tendai school.

〓 The Tokugawa, who became Seii Taishogun—wartime commanders-in-chief entrusted with full authority by the Imperial Court to subdue the Emishi—were mere upstarts born out of the chaos of the Sengoku period.

〓 Incapable of understanding the gravity of the Emishi rebellions from Tohoku that had recurred since ancient times, generations of Tokugawa upstarts, despite being appointed as wartime commanders-in-chief to subdue the Emishi, were completely manipulated from the time of the founder, Ieyasu, onward by Nankobo Tenkai of the Tendai school (an Emishi from Aizu) and others. Ultimately, they failed to execute a single expedition to subdue the Emishi up until the end of the Edo period.

〓 Furthermore, the *Dai Nihon Shi* (Great History of Japan), which Tokugawa Mitsukuni of Mito forcibly compiled, definitively labeled the Daikakuji line as the legitimate imperial lineage. This was a foolish attempt to realize direct imperial rule by eliminating the Fujiwara Sekkan-ke, who had devoted themselves to the Hosso school (with its *Goshou Kakubetsu* doctrine) and had appointed successive generations of the Kawachi Genji as Seii Taishogun to suppress the Emishi—the very Emishi of Tohoku who, as inherent outlaws, had backed Chinjufu Shogun Kitabatake Akiie to repeatedly swarm into the Kinai region.

〓 In other words, Mitsukuni's *Dai Nihon Shi* forced the legitimacy onto the Daikakuji line—a lineage that rolled down the slope toward natural extinction after defying the 7th-century Emperors Temmu and Jito (who had established the syncretism of Yamato Shinto, which views Amaterasu Omikami as the imperial ancestor and supreme deity, and the Hosso school). Instead, the Daikakuji line infatuated themselves with the syncretism of Ise Shinto (Watarai Shinto)—which equates Toyouke no Omikami with Amenominakanushi no Kami and Kuninotokotachi no Kami, elevating her to a supreme deity equal to or greater than Amaterasu Omikami—and the Tendai school (*Hokke Ichijo*, or the doctrine of "all sentient beings possess the Buddha-nature" from the *Mahaparinirvana Sutra*).

〓 The Daikakuji line, which relied on the military might of the Tohoku Emishi—inherent outlaws liable to explode at any moment—was overwhelmed by the Jimyoin line, which was backed by the military power of the Yamato people. Consequently, they were absorbed and merged under the Meitoku Peace Agreement (1392 AD), after which the bloodline of the Daikakuji line (the Southern Court remnants) naturally went extinct.

〓 After World War II, individuals like Hiromichi Kumazawa claimed to be descendants of the Southern Court, asserting a "legitimate right of imperial succession under the Daikakuji line."

〓 Unlocking the pages of history, the "Teibi War" in July of the 2nd year of Emperor Yomei's reign (587 AD), in which Soga no Umako attacked Mononobe no Moriya and destroyed the Mononobe clan, was the precursor to religious warfare between Shinto and Buddhism in ancient Japan.

〓 In this battle, the Buddhist fundamentalist Soga clan defeated the Shinto fundamentalist Mononobe clan, securing dominance within the administration.

〓 Spanning from the Teibi War (587 AD), through the Isshi Incident (645 AD), and leading to the Jinshin War (672 AD), the ancient Japanese syncretism (*shinbutsu-shugo*) established by Emperors Temmu and Jito emerged from these severe trials of Shinto-Buddhist religious warfare as a steadfast pillar of the Yamato people, a heritage to be proud of before the world.

〓 The Kitabatake father and son, backed by the inherently lawless Emishi of Tohoku who were ready to explode at any moment, pushed forward an easy syncretism of Ise Shinto (Watarai Shinto) and the Tendai school (*Hokke Ichijo*). This stood in defiance of Emperors Temmu and Jito, who had established the world-class, unshakeable syncretism of the Yamato people uniting Yamato Shinto—which reveres Amaterasu Omikami as the imperial ancestor and supreme deity—and the Hosso school. This defiance never stood a chance.

〓 Nariaki Tokugawa of Mito and Toko Fujita were deeply influenced by prominent Tendai temples of the Edo period, such as Toeizan Kan'ei-ji and Nikkosan Rinno-ji, which had been hijacked by the Tohoku Emishi. As if to say, "The true Emishi that the Tokugawa Shogun must subdue is not the Tohoku Emishi, but the Western powers," they championed *Sonno Joi* ("Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarian"). They came to view the United States—which was pressing Japan to open up—as the enemy, becoming the pioneers of the anti-American, ultra-right ideology that persists to this day.

〓 Furthermore, the shallow Prince Fushimi no Miya Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa, who became the chief abbot of the Tendai temples Toeizan Kan'ei-ji and Nikkosan Rinno-ji (which had been hijacked by the Tohoku Emishi), took the initiative to become the leader of the Ouetsu Reppan Domei (Northern Alliance) composed of Tohoku Emishi. Modeling himself after Emperor Temmu who won the Jinshin War, he arrogated to himself the title of "Emperor Temmu of Tohoku"—that is, "Emperor Tobu." Leading Tokugawa remnants such as Katamori Matsudaira and Gemba Sakai, he defied the government forces of Emperor Meiji who raised the Imperial Banner, standing at the forefront of an Emishi rebellion against the Yamato people known as the "Boshin War (1868–1869)."

〓 In the 20th century, pushed along by the anti-American, ultra-left Socialist Party, Democratic Party, Communist Party, and Labor Party—which spout pipe dreams similar to the Tendai school, such as "Minorities must not be discriminated against"—the Tohoku Emishi infiltrated the core of Yamato power for the first time in recorded history. Sure enough, just when it seemed they had engineered the Manchurian Incident behind the backs of the general Yamato public, they went on to force a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor far out of sight of the general Yamato citizens, plunging the peoples of both Japan and the United States into unmitigated misery.

〓 The Pacific War was an utterly reckless rebellion instigated by Hideki Tojo—a Tohoku Emishi who had successfully subjugated the Yamato people by making heavy use of the Military Police (*Kempeitai*) under the pretext of settling the chaos of the February 26 Incident—against the United States, the leader of the Western camp that upholds the rule of law on which modern civil states stand, liberal bourgeois constitutions, and the ICCPR.

〓 And now, in July 2026, they are charging blindly toward enacting the crime of national flag desecration regardless of appearances. They are showing a blatantly defiant attitude toward the global standard of advanced Western nations, which consists of the rule of law (including Jewish emancipation policies), liberal bourgeois constitutions, and the ICCPR.

〓 Going against Emperors Temmu and Jito, who in the 7th century established the "syncretism of Yamato Shinto (which positions Amaterasu Omikami as the imperial ancestor and supreme deity) and the Hosso school (founded on *Goshou Kakubetsu*)," an absolute idiot of a Nihon University Professor Emeritus, Akira Momochi—who has reduced himself to a lackey of the Tohoku Emishi alongside "Yamato dropouts" like Yosuke Matsuoka, Nobusuke Kishi, and Taro Aso, who champion the "evil Tohoku historical view" symbolized by the *Dai Nihon Shi* of the upstart Mito Tokugawa from the chaotic Sengoku period—is parading his foolish face and attempting to sweep through 21st-century Japan.